| Name | Dates | Counties |
| Rambaut, Arthur Alcock | 1859-1923 | Oxfordshire |
| Ramsden, Jesse | 1735-1800 | Yorkshire: West Riding; County of London |
| Reade, Joseph Bancroft | 1801-1870 | Buckinghamshire |
| Recorde, Robert | 1508/12-1558 | Pembrokeshire |
| Redman, Roderick Oliver | 1905-1975 | Cambridgeshire; Gloucestershire |
| Rees, John | 1862-? | Glamorgan |
| Rees, Martin | 1942- | Cambridgeshire; Shropshire |
| Rendell, Robert Fermor | 1873–1954 | Essex |
| Reynolds, John Henry | 1874-1949 | Warwickshire |
| Richardson, William | 1804-1878 | Yorkshire: West Riding |
| Riddle, Edward | 1788–1854 | Northumberland; County of London; Northumberland |
| Rigaud, Stephen Peter | 1774-1839 | Oxfordshire; Surrey |
| Roberts, Eleazar | 1825-1912 | Caernarvonshire |
| Roberts, Isaac | 1829-1924 | Lancashire; Sussex; Denbighshire |
| Roberts, Robert | 1777-1836 | Anglesey |
| Roberts, Samuel | 1827-1913 | Lincolnshire |
| Robertson, Abram | 1751-1826 | Northamptonshire |
| Robinson, Thomas Romney | 1793-1882 | Dublin |
| Rogers, Norman | 1922-2012 | Essex |
| Rogerson, William | 1796-1853 | County of London |
| Rolston, William Edward | 1876-1921 | Cambridgeshire |
| Rowe | NK | Essex |
| Ruddy, Henry E. | NK | Northamptonshire |
| Rupert-Jones, John Archibald | 1874-1934 | Pembrokeshire |
| Ryle, Martin | 1918-1984 | Cambridgeshire |
| Sabine, Edward | 1788-1883 | Surrey |
| Sandeman, Patrick | 1822-1861 | Midlothian |
| Saunder, Samuel A. | 1852-1912 | Berkshire; County of London |
| Scott, James Lidderdale | 1848-1908 | Midlothian |
| Seabroke, George Mitchell | 1838-1918 | Warwickshire |
| Selwyn, Canon William | 1806-1875 | Cambridgeshire |
| Senex, John | 1678-1740 | County of London; Shropshire |
| Sewell, Philip Edward | 1822-1906 | Derbyshire |
| Shackleton, William | 1871-1921 | County of London; Yorkshire: West Riding |
| Sharp, John | fl.1739-1757 | Buckinghamshire |
| Sharp(e), Abraham | 1651-1742 | Yorkshire: West Riding; County of London |
| Sheepshanks, Richard | 1794-1855 | Cambridgeshire; Yorkshire: West Riding |
| Shepherd, Anthony | 1721-1796 | Cambridgeshire |
| Shirley, Washington | 1722–1778 | Derbyshire |
| Short, James | 1710-1768 | Midlothian; County of London |
| Shuckburgh-Evelyn, Sir George Augustus William | 1751-1804 | Warwickshire |
| Sidgreaves, Walter | 1837-1919 | Lancashire |
| Simmonds, George Hervey | 1836-1921 | Surrey |
| Simmons, Hugh | 1891-1962 | Bedfordshire |
| Simms, William | 1793-1860 | Surrey |
| Slater, Noel Bryan | 1912-1973 | Cambridgeshire |
| Smart, William Marshall | 1889-1975 | Perthshire; Cambridgeshire |
| Smith, Charles O. | -1949 | Midlothian |
| Smith, Charles Michie | 1854-1922 | Aberdeenshire |
| Smith, John | 1711-1795 | Cambridgeshire |
| Smith, John | 1579-1631 | Lincolnshire |
| Smith, Robert | 1689-1768) | Cambridgeshire |
| Smyth, Charles Piazzi | 1819-1900 | Midlothian |
| Smyth, William Henry | 1788-1865 | Bedfordshire; Buckinghamshire; County of London; Glamorgan |
| Snow, Robert | 1805-1854 | Cambridgeshire |
| Somerville, Mary [née Fairfax] | 1780-1872 | Roxburghshire |
| South, James | 1785–1867 | County of London; County of London |
| Spencer Compton, Joshua Alwyne | 1790-1851 | Northamptonshire |
| Stanley, Leonard John | 1888- | Cambridgeshire |
| Steavenson, William Herbert | 1894-1975 | County of London |
| Stevens, Charles | 1852-1918 | Suffolk; County of London |
| Stevens, Kenneth | NK | Derbyshire |
| Stewart, Balfour | 1828-1887 | Surrey |
| Stone, Edward | 1702-1768 | Buckinghamshire; Oxfordshire |
| Stone, Edward James | 1831-1897 | County of London; Cambridgeshire |
| Stratford, William Samuel | 1789-1853 | County of London |
| Stratton, Frederick John Marrian | 1881-1960 | Cambridgeshire; Warwickshire |
| Swan, John | 1605-1671 | Cambridgeshire |
| Swirles, Bertha | 1903-1999 | Northamptonshire |
Society for the History of Astronomy
shedding light on the history of astronomy
